Śrī Caitanya-caritāmṛta: Ādi-līlā
by His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Chapter 1
Adi1.59
TEXT 59
tato duḥsaṅgam utsṛjya
satsu sajjeta buddhi-mān
santa evāsya chindanti
mano-vyāsaṅgam uktibhiḥ
SYNONYMS
tataḥ—therefore; duḥsaṅgam—bad association; utsrjya—giving up; satsu—with the devotees; sajjeta—one should associate; buddhi-mān—an intelligent person; santaḥ—devotees; eva—certainly; asya—one’s; chindanti—cut off; manaḥ-vyāsaṅgam—opposing attachments; uktibhiḥ—by their instructions.
TRANSLATION
“One should therefore avoid bad company and associate only with devotees. With their realized instructions, such saints can cut the knot connecting one with activities unfavorable to devotional service.”
PURPORT
This verse, which appears in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (11.26.26), was spoken by Lord Kṛṣṇa to Uddhava in the text known as the Uddhava-gīta. The discussion relates to the story of Purūravā and the heavenly courtesan Urvaśī. When Urvaśī left Purūravā, he was deeply affected by the separation and had to learn to overcome his grief.
It is indicated that to learn the transcendental science, it is imperative that one avoid the company of undesirable persons and always seek the company of saints and sages who are able to impart lessons of transcendental knowledge. The potent words of such realized souls penetrate the heart, thereby eradicating all misgivings accumulated through years of undesirable association. For a neophyte devotee there are two kinds of persons whose association is undesirable: (1) gross materialists who constantly engage in sense gratification and (2) unbelievers who do not serve the Supreme Personality of Godhead but serve their senses and their mental whims in terms of their speculative habits. Intelligent persons seeking transcendental realization should very scrupulously avoid their company.
Adi1.60
TEXT 60
satāṁ prasaṅgān mama vīrya-saṁvido
bhavanti hṛt-karṇa-rasāyanāḥ kathāḥ
taj-joṣaṇād āśv apavarga-vartmani
śraddhā ratir bhaktir anukramiṣyati
SYNONYMS
satām—of the devotees; prasaṅgāt—by intimate association; mama—of Me; vīrya-saṁvidaḥ—talks full of spiritual potency; bhavanti—appear; hṛt—to the heart; karṇa—and to the ears; rasa-āyanāḥ—a source of sweetness; kathāḥ—talks; tat—of them; joṣaṇāt—from proper cultivation; āśu—quickly; apavarga—of liberation; vartmani—on the path; śraddhā—faith; ratiḥ—attraction; bhaktiḥ—love; anukramiṣyati—will follow one after another.
TRANSLATION
“The spiritually powerful message of Godhead can be properly discussed only in a society of devotees, and it is greatly pleasing to hear in that association. If one hears from devotees, the way of transcendental experience quickly opens to him, and gradually he attains a taste in knowledge that in due course develops into attraction and devotion.”
PURPORT
This verse appears in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (3.25.25), where Kapiladeva replies to the questions of His mother, Devahūti, about the process of devotional service. As one advances in devotional activities, the process becomes progressively clearer and more encouraging. Unless one gets this spiritual encouragement by following the instructions of the spiritual master, it is not possible to make advancement. Therefore, one’s development of a taste for executing these instructions is the test of one’s devotional service. Initially, a person must develop confidence by hearing the science of devotion from a qualified spiritual master. Then, as he associates with devotees and tries to adopt the means instructed by the spiritual master in his own life, his misgivings and other obstacles are vanquished by his execution of devotional service. Strong attachment for the transcendental service of the Lord develops as he continues listening to the messages of Godhead, and if he steadfastly proceeds in this way, he is certainly elevated to spontaneous love for the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Adi1.61
TEXT 61
īśvara-svarūpa bhakta tāṅra adhiṣṭhāna
bhaktera hṛdaye kṛṣṇera satata viśrāma
SYNONYMS
īśvara—the Supreme Personality of Godhead; svarūpa—identical with; bhakta—the pure devotee; tāṅra—His; adhiṣṭhāna—abode; bhaktera—of the devotee; hṛdaye—in the heart; kṛṣṇera—of Lord Kṛṣṇa; satata—always; viśrāma—the resting place.
TRANSLATION
A pure devotee constantly engaged in the loving service of the Lord is identical with the Lord, who is always seated in his heart.
PURPORT
The Supreme Personality of Godhead is one without a second, and therefore He is all-powerful. He has inconceivable energies, of which three are principal. The devotee is considered to be one of these energies, never the energetic. The energetic is always the Supreme Lord. The energies are related to Him for the purpose of eternal service. A living entity in the conditioned stage can uncover his aptitude for serving the Absolute Truth by the grace of Kṛṣṇa and the spiritual master. Then the Lord reveals Himself within his heart, and he can know that Kṛṣṇa is seated in the heart of every pure devotee. Kṛṣṇa is actually situated in the heart of every living entity, but only a devotee can realize this fact.
Adi1.62
TEXT 62
sādhavo hṛdayaṁ mahyaṁ
sādhūnāṁ hṛdayaṁ tv aham
mad-anyat te na jānanti
nāhaṁ tebhyo manāg api
SYNONYMS
sādhavaḥ—the saints; hṛdayam—heart; mahyam—My; sādhūnām—of the saints; hṛdayam—the heart; tu—indeed; aham—I; mat—than Me; anyat—other; te—they; na—not; jānanti—know; na—nor; aham—I; tebhyaḥ—than them; manāk—slightly; api—even.
TRANSLATION
“Saints are My heart, and only I am their hearts. They do not know anyone but Me, and therefore I do not recognize anyone besides them as Mine.”
PURPORT
This verse appears in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (9.4.68) in connection with a misunderstanding between Durvāsā Muni and Mahārāja Ambarīṣa. As a result of this misunderstanding, Durvāsā Muni tried to kill the king, when the Sudarśana cakra, the celebrated weapon of Godhead, appeared on the scene for the devoted king’s protection. When the Sudarśana cakra attacked Durvāsā Muni, he fled in fear of the weapon and sought shelter from all the great demigods in heaven. Not one of them was able to protect him, and therefore Durvāsā Muni prayed to Lord Viṣṇu for forgiveness. Lord Viṣṇu advised him, however, that if he wanted forgiveness he had to get it from Mahārāja Ambarīṣa, not from Him. In this context Lord Viṣṇu spoke this verse.
The Lord, being full and free from problems, can wholeheartedly care for His devotees. His concern is how to elevate and protect all those who have taken shelter at His feet. The same responsibility is also entrusted to the spiritual master. The bona fide spiritual master’s concern is how the devotees who have surrendered to him as a representative of the Lord may make progress in devotional service. The Supreme Personality of Godhead is always mindful of the devotees who fully engage in cultivating knowledge of Him, having taken shelter at His lotus feet.
Adi1.63
TEXT 63
bhavad-vidhā bhāgavatās
tīrtha-bhūtāḥ svayaṁ vibho
tīrthī-kurvanti tīrthāni
svāntaḥ-sthena gadā-bhṛtā
SYNONYMS
bhavat—your good self; vidhāḥ—like; bhāgavatāḥ—devotees; tīrtha—holy places of pilgrimage; bhūtāḥ—existing; svayam—themselves; vibho—O almighty one; tīrthī-kurvanti—make into holy places of pilgrimage; tīrthāni—the holy places; sva-antaḥ-sthena—being situated in their hearts; gadā-bhṛtā—by the Personality of Godhead.
TRANSLATION
“Saints of your caliber are themselves places of pilgrimage. Because of their purity, they are constant companions of the Lord, and therefore they can purify even the places of pilgrimage.”
PURPORT
This verse was spoken by Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira to Vidura in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1.13.10). Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira was receiving his saintly uncle Vidura, who had been visiting sacred places of pilgrimage. Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira told Vidura that pure devotees like him are personified holy places because the Supreme Personality of Godhead is always with them in their hearts. By their association, sinful persons are freed from sinful reactions, and therefore wherever a pure devotee goes is a sacred place of pilgrimage. The importance of holy places is due to the presence there of such pure devotees.
Adi1.64
TEXT 64
sei bhakta-gaṇa haya dvi-vidha prakāra
pāriṣad-gaṇa eka, sādhaka-gaṇa āra
SYNONYMS
sei—these; bhakta-gaṇa—devotees; haya—are; dvi-vidha—twofold; prakāra—varieties; pāriṣat-gaṇa—factual devotees; eka—one; sādhaka-gaṇa—prospective devotees; āra—the other.
TRANSLATION
Such pure devotees are of two types: personal associates [pāriṣats] and neophyte devotees [sādhakas].
PURPORT
Perfect servitors of the Lord are considered His personal associates, whereas devotees endeavoring to attain perfection are called neophytes. Among the associates, some are attracted by the opulences of the Personality of Godhead, and others are attracted by nuptial love of Godhead. The former devotees are placed in the realm of Vaikuṇṭha to render reverential devotional service, whereas the latter devotees are placed in Vṛndāvana for the direct service of Śrī Kṛṣṇa.
Adi1.65-66
TEXTS 65-66
īśvarera avatāra e-tina prakāra
aṁśa-avatāra, āra guṇa-avatāra
śaktyāveśa-avatāra--tṛtīya e-mata
aṁśa-avatāra--puruṣa-matsyādika yata
SYNONYMS
īśvarera—of the Supreme Lord; avatāra—incarnations; e-tina—these three; prakāra—kinds; aṁśa-avatāra—partial incarnations; āra—and; guṇa-avatāra—qualitative incarnations; śakti-āveśa-avatāra—empowered incarnations; tṛtīya—the third; e-mata—thus; aṁśa-avatāra—partial incarnations; puruṣa—the three puruṣa incarnations; matsya—the fish incarnation; ādika—and so on; yata—all.
TRANSLATION
There are three categories of incarnations of Godhead: partial incarnations, qualitative incarnations and empowered incarnations. The puruṣas and Matsya are examples of partial incarnations.
Adi1.67
TEXT 67
brahmā viṣṇu śiva--tina guṇāvatāre gaṇi
śakty-āveśa--sanakādi, pṛthu, vyāsa-muni
SYNONYMS
brahmā—Lord Brahmā; viṣṇu—Lord Viṣṇu; śiva—Lord Śiva; tina—three; guṇa-avatāre—among the incarnations controlling the three modes of material nature; gaṇi—I count; śakti-āveśa—empowered incarnations; sanaka-ādi—the four Kumāras; pṛthu—King Pṛthu; vyāsa-muni—Vyāsadeva.
TRANSLATION
Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Śiva are qualitative incarnations. Empowered incarnations are those like the Kumāras, King Pṛthu and Mahā-muni Vyāsa [the compiler of the Vedas].
Adi1.68
TEXT 68
dui-rūpe haya bhagavānera prakāśa
eke ta’ prakāśa haya, āre ta’ vilāsa
SYNONYMS
dui-rūpe—in two forms; haya—are; bhagavānera—of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; prakāśa—manifestations; eke—in one; ta’-certainly; prakāśa—manifestation; haya—is; āre—in the other; ta’-certainly; vilāsa—engaged in pastimes.
TRANSLATION
The Personality of Godhead exhibits Himself in two kinds of forms: prakāśa and vilāsa.
PURPORT
The Supreme Lord expands His personal forms in two primary categories. The prakāśa forms are manifested by Lord Kṛṣṇa for His pastimes, and their features are exactly like His. When Lord Kṛṣṇa married sixteen thousand queens in Dvārakā, He did so in sixteen thousand prakāśa expansions. Similarly, during the rāsa dance He expanded Himself in identical prakāśa forms to dance beside each and every gopī simultaneously. When the Lord manifests His vilāsa expansions, however, they are all somewhat different in their bodily features. Lord Balarāma is the first vilāsa expansion of Lord Kṛṣṇa, and the four-handed Nārāyaṇa forms in Vaikuṇṭha expand from Balarāma. There is no difference between the bodily forms of Śrī Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma except that Their bodily colors are different. Similarly, Śrī Nārāyaṇa in Vaikuṇṭha has four hands, whereas Kṛṣṇa has only two. The expansions of the Lord who manifest such bodily differences are known as vilāsa-vigrahas.
Adi1.69-70
TEXTS 69-70
eka-i vigraha yadi haya bahu-rūpa
ākāre ta’ bheda nāhi, eka-i svarūpa
mahiṣī-vivāhe, yaiche yaiche kaila rāsa
ihāke kahiye kṛṣṇera mukhya ’prakāśa’
SYNONYMS
eka-i—the same one; vigraha—person; yadi—if; haya—becomes; bahu-rūpa—many forms; ākāre—in appearance; ta’-certainly; bheda—difference; nāhi—there is not; eka-i—one; sva-rūpa—identity; mahiṣī—with the queens of Dvārakā; vivāhe—in the marriage; yaiche yaiche—in a similar way; kaila—He did; rāsa—rāsa dance; ihāke—this; kahiye—I say; kṛṣṇera—of Kṛṣṇa; mukhya—principal; prakāśa—manifested forms.
TRANSLATION
When the Personality of Godhead expands Himself in many forms, all nondifferent in Their features, as Lord Kṛṣṇa did when He married sixteen thousand queens and when He performed His rāsa dance, such forms of the Lord are called manifested forms [prakāśa-vigrahas].
Adi1.71
TEXT 71
citraṁ bataitad ekena
vapuṣā yugapat pṛthak
gṛheṣu dvy-aṣṭa-sāhasraṁ
striya eka udāvahat
SYNONYMS
citram—wonderful; bata—oh; etat—this; ekena—with one; vapuṣā—form; yugapat—simultaneously; pṛthak—separately; gṛheṣu—in the houses; dvi-aṣṭa-sāhasram—sixteen thousand; striyaḥ—all the queens; ekaḥ—the one Śrī Kṛṣṇa; udāvahat—married.
TRANSLATION
“It is astounding that Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, who is one without a second, expanded Himself in sixteen thousand similar forms to marry sixteen thousand queens in their respective homes.”
PURPORT
This verse is from Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (10.69.2).
Adi1.72
TEXT 72
rāsotsavaḥ sampravṛtto
gopī-maṇḍala-maṇḍitaḥ
yogeśvareṇa kṛṣṇena
tāsāṁ madhye dvayor dvayoḥ
SYNONYMS
rāsa-utsavaḥ—the festival of the rāsa dance; sampravṛttaḥ—was begun; gopī-maṇḍala—by groups of gopīs; maṇḍitaḥ—decorated; yoga-īśvareṇa—by the master of all mystic powers; kṛṣṇena—by Lord Kṛṣṇa; tāsām—of them; madhye—in the middle; dvayoḥ dvayoḥ—of each two.
TRANSLATION
“When Lord Kṛṣṇa, surrounded by groups of cowherd girls, began the festivities of the rāsa dance, the Lord of all mystic powers placed Himself between each two girls.”
PURPORT
This verse is also quoted from Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (10.33.3).
Adi1.73-74
TEXTS 73-74
praviṣṭena gṛhītānāṁ
kaṇṭhe sva-nikaṭaṁ striyaḥ
yaṁ manyeran nabhas tāvad
vimāna-śata-saṅkulam
divaukasāṁ sa-dārāṇām
aty-autsukya-bhṛtātmanām
tato dundubhayo nedur
nipetuḥ puṣpa-vṛṣṭayaḥ
SYNONYMS
praviṣṭena—having entered; gṛhītānām—of those embracing; kaṇṭhe—on the neck; sva-nikaṭam—situated at their own side; striyaḥ—the gopīs; yam—whom; manyeran—would think; nabhaḥ—the sky; tāvat—at once; vimāna—of airplanes; śata—with hundreds; saṅkulam—crowded; diva-okasām—of the demigods; sa-dārāṇām—with their wives; ati-autsukya—with eagerness; bhṛta-ātmanām—whose minds were filled; tataḥ—then; dundubhayaḥ—kettledrums; neduḥ—sounded; nipetuḥ—fell; puṣpa-vṛṣṭayaḥ—showers of flowers.
TRANSLATION
“When the cowherd girls and Kṛṣṇa thus joined together, each girl thought that Kṛṣṇa was dearly embracing her alone. To behold this wonderful pastime of the Lord, the denizens of heaven and their wives, all very eager to see the dance, flew in the sky in their hundreds of airplanes. They showered flowers and beat sweetly on drums.”
PURPORT
This is another quote from Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (10.33.3-4).
Adi1.75
TEXT 75
anekatra prakaṭatā
rūpasyaikasya yaikadā
sarvathā tat-svarūpaiva
sa prakāśa itīryate
SYNONYMS
anekatra—in many places; prakaṭatā—the manifestation; rūpasya—of form; ekasya—one; yā—which; ekadā—at one time; sarvathā—in every respect; tat—His; sva-rūpa—own form; eva—certainly; saḥ—that; prakāśaḥ—manifestive form; iti—thus; īryate—it is called.
TRANSLATION
“If numerous forms, all equal in their features, are displayed simultaneously, such forms are called prakāśa-vigrahas of the Lord.”
PURPORT
This is a quotation from the Laghu-bhāgavatāmṛta (1.21), compiled by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī.
Adi1.76
TEXT 76
eka-i vigraha kintu ākāre haya āna
aneka prakāśa haya, ’vilāsa’ tāra nāma
SYNONYMS
eka-i—one; vigraha—form; kintu—but; ākāre—in appearance; haya—is; āna—different; aneka—many; prakāśa—manifestations; haya—appear; vilāsa—pastime form; tāra—of that; nāma—the name.
TRANSLATION
But when the numerous forms are slightly different from one another, they are called vilāsa-vigrahas.
Adi1.77
TEXT 77
svarūpam anyākāraṁ yat
tasya bhāti vilāsataḥ
prāyeṇātma-samaṁ śaktyā
sa vilāso nigadyate
SYNONYMS
sva-rūpam—the Lord’s own form; anya—other; ākāram—features of the body; yat—which; tasya—His; bhāti—appears; vilāsataḥ—from particular pastimes; prāyena—almost; ātma-samam—self-similar; śaktyā—by His potency; saḥ—that; vilāsaḥ—the vilāsa (pastime) form; nigadyate—is called.
TRANSLATION
“When the Lord displays numerous forms with different features by His inconceivable potency, such forms are called vilāsa-vigrahas.”
PURPORT
This is another quotation from the Laghu-bhāgavatāmṛta (1.15).
Adi1.78
TEXT 78
yaiche baladeva, paravyome nārāyaṇa
yaiche vāsudeva pradyumnādi saṅkarṣaṇa
SYNONYMS
yaiche—just as; baladeva—Baladeva; para-vyome—in the spiritual sky; nārāyaṇa—Lord Nārāyaṇa; yaiche—just as; vāsudeva—Vāsudeva; pradyumna-ādi—Pradyumna, etc.; saṅkarṣaṇa—Saṅkarṣaṇa.
TRANSLATION
Examples of such vilāsa-vigrahas are Baladeva, Nārāyaṇa in Vaikuṇṭha-dhāma, and the catur-vyūha-Vāsudeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Pradyumna and Aniruddha.
Adi1.79-80
TEXTS 79-80
īśvarera śakti haya e-tina prakāra
eka lakṣmī-gaṇa, pure mahiṣī-gaṇa āra
vraje gopī-gaṇa āra sabhāte pradhāna
vrajendra-nandana yā’te svayaṁ bhagavān
SYNONYMS
īśvarera—of the Supreme Lord; śakti—energy; haya—is; e-tina—these three; prakāra—kinds; eka—one; lakṣmī-gaṇa—the goddesses of fortune in Vaikuṇṭha; pure—in Dvārakā; mahiṣī-gaṇa—the queens; āra—and; vraje—in Vṛndāvana; gopī-gaṇa—the gopīs; āra—and; sabhāte—among all of them; pradhāna—the chief; vraja-indra-nandana—Kṛṣṇa, the son of the King of Vraja; yā’te—because; svayam—Himself; bhagavān—the primeval Lord.
TRANSLATION
The energies [consorts] of the Supreme Lord are of three kinds: the Lakṣmīs in Vaikuṇṭha, the queens in Dvārakā and the gopīs in Vṛndāvana. The gopīs are the best of all, for they have the privilege of serving Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the primeval Lord, the son of the King of Vraja.
Adi1.81
TEXT 81
svayaṁ-rūpa kṛṣṇera kāya-vyūha--tāṅra sama
bhakta sahite haya tāṅhāra āvaraṇa
SYNONYMS
svayam-rūpa—His own original form (two-handed Kṛṣṇa); kṛṣṇera—of Lord Kṛṣṇa; kāya-vyūha—personal expansions; tāṅra—with Him; sama—equal; bhakta—the devotees; sahite—associated with; haya—are; tāṅhāra—His; āvaraṇa—covering.
TRANSLATION
The personal associates of the primeval Lord, Śrī Kṛṣṇa, are His devotees, who are identical with Him. He is complete with His entourage of devotees.
PURPORT
Śrī Kṛṣṇa and His various personal expansions are nondifferent in potential power. These expansions are associated with further, secondary expansions, or servitor expansions, who are called devotees.
Adi1.82
TEXT 82
bhakta ādi krame kaila sabhāra vandana
e-sabhāra vandana sarva-śubhera kāraṇa
SYNONYMS
bhakta—the devotees; ādi—and so on; krame—in order; kaila—did; sabhāra—of the assembly; vandana—worship; e-sabhāra—of this assembly; vandana—worship; sarva-śubhera—of all good fortune; kāraṇa—the source.
TRANSLATION
Now I have worshiped all the various levels of devotees. Worshiping them is the source of all good fortune.
PURPORT
To offer prayers to the Lord, one should first offer prayers to His devotees and associates.
Adi1.83
TEXT 83
prathama śloke kahi sāmānya maṅgalācaraṇa
dvitīya ślokete kari viśeṣa vandana
SYNONYMS
prathama—first; śloke—in the verse; kahi—I express; sāmānya—general; maṅgala-ācaraṇa—invocation of benediction; dvitīya—second; ślokete—in the verse; kari—I do; viśeṣa—particular; vandana—offering of prayers.
TRANSLATION
In the first verse I have invoked a general benediction, but in the second I have prayed to the Lord in a particular form.
Adi1.84
TEXT 84
vande śrī-kṛṣṇa-caitanya-
nityānandau sahoditau
gauḍodaye puṣpavantau
citrau śan-dau tamo-nudau
SYNONYMS
vande—I offer respectful obeisances; śrī-kṛṣṇa-caitanya—to Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya; nityānandau—and to Lord Nityānanda; saha-uditau—simultaneously arisen; gauḍa-udaye—on the eastern horizon of Gauḍa; puṣpavantau—the sun and moon together; citrau—wonderful; śam-dau—bestowing benediction; tamaḥ-nudau—dissipating darkness.
TRANSLATION
“I offer my respectful obeisances unto Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya and Lord Nityānanda, who are like the sun and moon. They have arisen simultaneously on the horizon of Gauḍa to dissipate the darkness of ignorance and thus wonderfully bestow benediction upon all.”
Adi1.85-86
TEXTS 85-86
vraje ye vihare pūrve kṛṣṇa-balarāma
koṭī-sūrya-candra jini doṅhāra nija-dhāma
sei dui jagatere ha-iyā sadaya
gauḍadeśe pūrva-śaile karilā udaya
SYNONYMS
vraje—in Vraja (Vṛndāvana); ye—who; vihare—played; pūrve—formerly; kṛṣṇa—Lord Kṛṣṇa; balarāma—Lord Balarāma; koṭī—millions; sūrya—suns; candra—moons; jini—overcoming; doṅhāra—of the two; nija-dhāma—the effulgence; sei—these; dui—two; jagatere—for the universe; ha-iyā—becoming; sa-daya—compassionate; gauḍa-deśe—in the country of Gauḍa; pūrva-śaile—on the eastern horizon; karilā—did; udaya—arise.
TRANSLATION
Śrī Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma, the Personalities of Godhead, who formerly appeared in Vṛndāvana and were millions of times more effulgent than the sun and moon, have arisen over the eastern horizon of Gauḍadeśa [West Bengal], being compassionate for the fallen state of the world.
Adi1.87
TEXT 87
śrī-kṛṣṇa-caitanya āra prabhu nityānanda
yāṅhāra prakāśe sarva jagat ānanda
SYNONYMS
śrī-kṛṣṇa-caitanya—Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya; āra—and; prabhu nityānanda—Lord Nityānanda; yāṅhāra—of whom; prakāśe—on the appearance; sarva—all; jagat—the world; ānanda—full of happiness.
TRANSLATION
The appearance of Śrī Kṛṣṇa Caitanya and Prabhu Nityānanda has surcharged the world with happiness.
Adi1.88-89
TEXTS 88-89
sūrya-candra hare yaiche saba andhakāra
vastu prakāśiyā kare dharmera pracāra
ei mata dui bhāi jīvera ajñāna-
tamo-nāśa kari’ kaila tattva-vastu-dāna
SYNONYMS
sūrya-candra—the sun and the moon; hare—drive away; yaiche—just as; saba—all; andhakāra—darkness; vastu—truth; prakāśiyā—manifesting; kare—do; dharmera—of inborn nature; pracāra—preaching; ei mata—like this; dui—two; bhāi—brothers; jīvera—of the living being; ajñāna—of ignorance; tamaḥ—of the darkness; nāśa—destruction; kari’-doing; kaila—made; tattva-vastu—of the Absolute Truth; dāna—gift.
TRANSLATION
As the sun and moon drive away darkness by their appearance and reveal the nature of everything, these two brothers dissipate the darkness of ignorance covering the living beings’ and enlighten them with knowledge of the Absolute Truth.
Adi1.90
TEXT 90
ajñāna-tamera nāma kahiye ’kaitava’
dharma-artha-kāma-mokṣa-vāñchā ādi saba
SYNONYMS
ajñāna-tamera—of the darkness of ignorance; nāma—name; kahiye—I call; kaitava—cheating process; dharma—religiosity; artha—economic development; kāma—sense gratification; mokṣa—liberation; vāñchā—desire for; ādi—and so on; saba—all.
TRANSLATION
The darkness of ignorance is called kaitava, the way of cheating, which begins with religiosity, economic development, sense gratification and liberation.
Adi1.91
TEXT 91
dharmaḥ projjhita-kaitavo ’tra paramo nirmatsarāṇāṁ satāṁ
vedyaṁ vāstavam atra vastu śiva-daṁ tāpa-trayonmūlanam
śrīmad-bhāgavate mahā-muni-kṛte kiṁ vā parair īśvaraḥ
sadyo hṛdy avarudhyate ’tra kṛtibhiḥ śuśrūṣubhis tat-kṣaṇāt
SYNONYMS
dharmaḥ—religiosity; projjhita—completely rejected; kaitavaḥ—in which fruitive intention; atra—herein; paramaḥ—the highest; nirmatsarāṇām—of the one-hundred-percent pure in heart; satām—devotees; vedyam—to be understood; vāstavam—factual; atra—herein; vastu—substance; śiva-dam—giving well-being; tāpa-traya—of threefold miseries; unmūlanam—causing uprooting; śrīmat—beautiful; bhāgavate—in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa; mahā-muni—by the great sage (Vyāsadeva); kṛte—compiled; kim—what; vā—indeed; paraiḥ—with others; īśvaraḥ—the Supreme Lord; sadyaḥ—at once; hṛdi—within the heart; avarudhyate—becomes confined; atra—herein; kṛtibhiḥ—by pious men; śuśrūṣubhiḥ—desiring to hear; tat-kṣaṇāt—without delay.
TRANSLATION
“The great scripture Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, compiled by Mahā-muni Vyāsadeva from four original verses, describes the most elevated and kindhearted devotees and completely rejects the cheating ways of materially motivated religiosity. It propounds the highest principle of eternal religion, which can factually mitigate the threefold miseries of a living being and award the highest benediction of full prosperity and knowledge. Those willing to hear the message of this scripture in a submissive attitude of service can at once capture the Supreme Lord in their hearts. Therefore there is no need for any scripture other than Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam.”
PURPORT
This verse appears in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1.1.2). The words mahā-muni-kṛte indicate that Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam was compiled by the great sage Vyāsadeva, who is sometimes known as Nārāyaṇa Mahā-muni because he is an incarnation of Nārāyaṇa. Vyāsadeva, therefore, is not an ordinary man, but is empowered by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He compiled the beautiful Bhāgavatam to narrate some of the pastimes of the Supreme Personality of Godhead and His devotees.
In Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, a distinction between real religion and pretentious religion has been clearly made. According to this original and genuine commentation on the Vedānta-sūtra, there are numerous pretentious faiths that pass as religion but neglect the real essence of religion. The real religion of a living being is his natural inborn quality, whereas pretentious religion is a form of nescience that artificially covers a living entity’s pure consciousness under certain unfavorable conditions. Real religion lies dormant when artificial religion dominates from the mental plane. A living being can awaken this dormant religion by hearing with a pure heart.
The path of religion prescribed by Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam is different from all forms of imperfect religiosity. Religion can be considered in the following three divisions: (1) the path of fruitive work, (2) the path of knowledge and mystic powers, and (3) the path of worship and devotional service.
The path of fruitive work (karma-kāṇḍa), even when decorated by religious ceremonies meant to elevate one’s material condition, is a cheating process because it can never enable one to gain relief from material existence and achieve the highest goal. A living entity perpetually struggles hard to rid himself of the pangs of material existence, but the path of fruitive work leads him to either temporary happiness or temporary distress in material existence. By pious fruitive work a person is placed in a position where he can temporarily feel material happiness, whereas vicious activities lead him to a distressful position of material want and scarcity. However, even if a person is put into the most perfect situation of material happiness, he cannot in that way become free from the pangs of birth, death, old age and disease. A materially happy person is therefore in need of the eternal relief that mundane religiosity in terms of fruitive work can never award.
The paths of the culture of knowledge (jñāna-mārga) and of mystic powers (yoga-mārga) are equally hazardous, for one does not know where one will go by following these uncertain methods. An empiric philosopher in search of spiritual knowledge may endeavor most laboriously for many, many births in mental speculation, but unless and until he reaches the stage of the purest quality of goodness-in other words, until he transcends the plane of material speculation-it is not possible for him to know that everything emanates from the Personality of Godhead Vāsudeva. His attachment to the impersonal feature of the Supreme Lord makes him unfit to rise to that transcendental stage of vasudeva understanding, and therefore because of his unclean state of mind he glides down again into material existence, even after having ascended to the highest stage of liberation. This falldown takes place due to his want of a locus standi in the service of the Supreme Lord.
As far as the mystic powers of the yogīs are concerned, they are also material entanglements on the path of spiritual realization. One German scholar who became a devotee of Godhead in India said that material science had already made laudable progress in duplicating the mystic powers of the yogīs. He therefore came to India not to learn the methods of the yogīs’ mystic powers but to learn the path of transcendental loving service to the Supreme Lord, as mentioned in the great scripture Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. Mystic powers can make a yogī materially powerful and thus give temporary relief from the miseries of birth, death, old age and disease, as other material sciences can also do, but such mystic powers can never be a permanent source of relief from these miseries. Therefore, according to the Bhāgavata school, this path of religiosity is also a method of cheating its followers. In the Bhagavad-gītā it is clearly defined that the most elevated and powerful mystic yogīs one who can constantly think of the Supreme Lord within his heart and engage in the loving service of the Lord.
The path of worship of the innumerable devas, or administrative demigods, is still more hazardous and uncertain than the above-mentioned processes of karma-kāṇḍa and jñāna-kāṇḍa. This system of worshiping many gods, such as Durgā, Śiva, Gaṇeśa, Sūrya and the impersonal Viṣṇu form, is accepted by persons who have been blinded by an intense desire for sense gratification. When properly executed in terms of the rites mentioned in the śāstras, which are now very difficult to perform in this age of want and scarcity, such worship can certainly fulfill one’s desires for sense gratification, but the success obtained by such methods is certainly transient, and it is suitable only for a less intelligent person. That is the verdict of the Bhagavad-gītā. No sane man should be satisfied by such temporary benefits.
None of the above-mentioned three religious paths can deliver a person from the threefold miseries of material existence, namely, miseries caused by the body and mind, miseries caused by other living entities, and miseries caused by the demigods. The process of religion described in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, however, is able to give its followers permanent relief from the threefold miseries. The Bhāgavatam describes the highest religious form-reinstatement of the living entity in his original position of transcendental loving service to the Supreme Lord, which is free from the infections of desires for sense gratification, fruitive work, and the culture of knowledge with the aim of merging into the Absolute to become one with the Supreme Lord.
Any process of religiosity based on sense gratification, gross or subtle, must be considered a pretentious religion because it is unable to give perpetual protection to its followers. The word projjhita is significant. Pra means “complete,” and ujjhita indicates rejection. Religiosity in the shape of fruitive work is directly a method of gross sense gratification, whereas the process of culturing spiritual knowledge with a view to becoming one with the Absolute is a method of subtle sense gratification. All such pretentious religiosity based on gross or subtle sense gratification is completely rejected in the process of bhāgavata-dharma, or the transcendental religion that is the eternal function of the living being.
Bhāgavata-dharma, or the religious principle described in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, of which the Bhagavad-gītā is a preliminary study, is meant for liberated persons of the highest order who attribute very little value to the sense gratification of pretentious religiosity. The first and foremost concern of fruitive workers, elevationists, empiric philosophers and salvationists is to raise their material position. But devotees of Godhead have no such selfish desires. They serve the Supreme Lord only for His satisfaction. Śrī Arjuna, wanting to satisfy his senses by becoming a so-called nonviolent and pious man, at first decided not to fight. But when he was fully situated in the principles of bhāgavata-dharma, culminating in complete surrender unto the will of the Supreme Lord, he changed his decision and agreed to fight for the satisfaction of the Lord. He then said:
naṣṭo mohaḥ smṛtir labdhā
tvat-prasādān mayācyuta
sthito ’smi gata-sandehaḥ
kariṣye vacanaṁ tava
“My dear Kṛṣṇa, O infallible one, my illusion is now gone. I have regained my memory by Your mercy. I am now firm and free from doubt and am prepared to act according to Your instructions.” (Bg. 18.73) It is the constitutional position of a living entity to be situated in this pure consciousness. Any so-called religious process that interferes with this unadulterated spiritual position of the living being must therefore be considered a pretentious process of religiosity.
The real form of religion is spontaneous loving service to Godhead. This relationship of the living being with the Absolute Personality of Godhead in service is eternal. The Personality of Godhead is described as vastu, or the Substance, and the living entities are described as vāstavas, or the innumerable samples of the Substance in relative existence. The relationship of these substantive portions with the Supreme Substance can never be annihilated, for it is an eternal quality inherent in the living being.
By contact with material nature the living entities exhibit varied symptoms of the disease of material consciousness. To cure this material disease is the supreme object of human life. The process that treats this disease is called bhāgavata-dharma, or sanātana-dharma-real religion. This is described in the pages of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. Therefore anyone who, because of his background of pious activities in previous lives, is anxious to hear Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam immediately realizes the presence of the Supreme Lord within his heart and fulfills the mission of his life.
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