Madhya20.82

TEXT 82

sanātanera vairāgye prabhura ānanda apāra

bhoṭa-kambala pāne prabhu cāhe bāre bāra

SYNONYMS

sanātanera—of Sanātana Gosvāmī; vairāgye—by the renunciation; prabhura—of Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; ānanda—happiness; apāra—unlimited; bhoṭa-kambala—the woolen blanket; pāne—towards; prabhu—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; cāhe—looks; bāre bāra—repeatedly.

TRANSLATION

Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu felt unlimited happiness to observe Sanātana Gosvāmī’s strict following of the principles of sannyāsa. However, He repeatedly glanced at the woolen blanket Sanātana Gosvāmī was wearing.

Madhya20.83

TEXT 83

sanātana jānila ei prabhure nā bhāya

bhoṭa tyāga karibāre cintilā upāya

SYNONYMS

sanātana jānila—Sanātana Gosvāmī could understand; ei—this; prabhure—by Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; nā bhāya—is not approved; bhoṭa—the woolen blanket; tyāga—giving up; karibāre—to do; cintilā—considered; upāya—a means.

TRANSLATION

Because Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu was repeatedly glancing at this valuable woolen blanket, Sanātana Gosvāmī could understand that the Lord did not approve of it. He then began to consider a way to give it up.

Madhya20.84

TEXT 84

eta cinti’ gelā gaṅgāya madhyāhna karite

eka gauḍiyā kānthā dhuñā diyāche śukāite

SYNONYMS

eta cinti’—thinking this; gelā—went; gaṅgāya—to the bank of the Ganges; madhyāhna—bathing at noon; karite—to do; eka—one; gauḍiyā—Bengali Vaiṣṇava; kānthā—quilt; dhuñā—washing; diyāche—spread out; śukāite—to dry.

TRANSLATION

Thinking in this way, Sanātana went to the bank of the Ganges to bathe. While there, he saw that a mendicant from Bengal had washed his quilt and had spread it out to dry.

Madhya20.85

TEXT 85

tāre kahe,--"ore bhāi, kara upakāre

ei bhoṭa lañā ei kāṅthā deha’ more"

SYNONYMS

tāre kahe—he said to him; ore bhāi—O my brother; kara upakāre—kindly do a favor; ei bhoṭa—this woolen blanket; lañā—taking; ei—this; kāṅthā—quilt; deha’-give; more—to me.

TRANSLATION

Sanātana Gosvāmī then told the Bengali mendicant, “My dear brother, please do me a favor. Trade me your quilt for this woolen blanket.”

Madhya20.86

TEXT 86

sei kahe,--"rahasya kara prāmāṇika hañā?

bahu-mūlya bhoṭa dibā kena kāṅthā lañā?"

SYNONYMS

sei kahe—he said; rahasya—joking; kara—you do; prāmāṇika hañā—although being a man of authority; bahu-mūlya—very valuable; bhoṭa—woolen blanket; dibā—you would give; kena—why; kāṅthā lañā—taking this quilt.

TRANSLATION

The mendicant replied, “Sir, you are a respectable gentleman. Why are you joking with me? Why would you trade your valuable blanket for my torn quilt?”

Madhya20.87

TEXT 87

teṅho kahe,--"rahasya nahe, kahi satya-vāṇī

bhoṭa laha, tumi deha’ more kāṅthā-khāni"

SYNONYMS

teṅho kahe—he said; rahasya nahe—there is no joking; kahi satya-vāṇī—I am speaking the truth; bhoṭa laha—take this blanket; tumi—you; deha’-give; more—to me; kāṅthā-khāni—the quilt.

TRANSLATION

Sanātana said, “I am not joking; I am speaking the truth. Kindly take this blanket in exchange for your torn quilt.”

Madhya20.88

TEXT 88

eta bali’ kāṅthā la-ila, bhoṭa tāṅre diyā

gosāñira ṭhāṅi āilā kāṅthā gale diyā

SYNONYMS

eta bali’—saying this; kāṅthā la-ila—he took the quilt; bhoṭa—the blanket; tāṅre—unto him; diyā—giving; gosāñira ṭhāṅi—to Caitanya Mahāprabhu; āilā—returned; kāṅthā—quilt; gale—onto the shoulder; diyā—keeping.

TRANSLATION

Saying this, Sanātana Gosvāmī exchanged the blanket for the quilt. He then returned to Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu with the quilt on his shoulder.

Madhya20.89

TEXT 89

prabhu kahe,--’tomāra bhoṭa-kambala kothā gela?’

prabhu-pade saba kathā gosāñi kahila

SYNONYMS

prabhu kahe—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu said; tomāra—your; bhoṭa-kambala—woolen blanket; kothā gela—where did it go; prabhu-pade—unto the lotus feet of Lord Caitanya; saba—all; kathā—narration; gosāñi—Sanātana Gosvāmī; kahila—said.

TRANSLATION

When Sanātana Gosvāmī returned, the Lord asked, “Where is your woolen blanket?” Sanātana Gosvāmī then narrated the whole story to the Lord.

Madhya20.90-91

TEXTS 90-91

prabhu kahe,--"ihā āmi kariyāchi vicāra

viṣaya-roga khaṇḍāila kṛṣṇa ye tomāra

se kene rākhibe tomāra śeṣa viṣaya-bhoga?

roga khaṇḍi’ sad-vaidya nā rākhe śeṣa roga

SYNONYMS

prabhu kahe—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu said; ihā—this; āmi—I; kariyāchi vicāra—considered deliberately; viṣaya-roga—the disease of material attraction; khaṇḍāila—has now nullified; kṛṣṇa—Lord Kṛṣṇa; ye—since; tomāra—your; se—Lord Kṛṣṇa; kene—why; rākhibe—should allow you to keep; tomāra—your; śeṣa—last; viṣaya-bhoga—attraction for material things; roga khaṇḍi’-vanquishing the disease; sat-vaidya—a good physician; nā rākhe—does not keep; śeṣa—the last part; roga—disease.

TRANSLATION

Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu then said, "I have already deliberately considered this matter. Since Lord Kṛṣṇa is very merciful, He has nullified your attachment for material things. Why should Kṛṣṇa allow you to maintain a last bit of material attachment? After vanquishing a disease, a good physician does not allow any of the disease to remain.

Madhya20.92

TEXT 92

tina mudrāra bhoṭa gāya, mādhukarī grāsa

dharma-hāni haya, loka kare upahāsa"

SYNONYMS

tina mudrāra bhoṭa—a woolen blanket costing three gold coins; gāya—on the body; mādhukarī grāsa—and practicing the mādhukarī system; dharma-hāni haya—that is a religious discrepancy; loka kare upahāsa—people will joke.

TRANSLATION

“It is contradictory to practice mādhukarī and at the same time wear a valuable blanket. One loses his spiritual strength by doing this, and one will also become an object for jokes.”

Madhya20.93

TEXT 93

gosāñi kahe,--’ye khaṇḍila kuviṣaya-bhoga

tāṅra icchāya gela mora śeṣa viṣaya-roga"

SYNONYMS

gosāñi kahe—Sanātana Gosvāmī said; ye khaṇḍila—the person who has vanquished; ku-viṣaya-bhoga—enjoyment of sinful material life; tāṅra icchāya—by His desire; gela—has gone; mora—my; śeṣa—last bit; viṣaya-roga—material disease.

TRANSLATION

Sanātana Gosvāmī replied, “The Supreme Personality of Godhead has saved me from the sinful life of material existence. By His desire, my last piece of material attraction is now gone.”

Madhya20.94

TEXT 94

prasanna hañā prabhu tāṅre kṛpā kaila

tāṅra kṛpāya praśna karite tāṅra śakti haila

SYNONYMS

prasanna hañā—being very pleased; prabhu—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; tāṅre—unto him; kṛpā kaila—offered His causeless mercy; tāṅra kṛpāya—by His mercy; praśna karite—to inquire; tāṅra—his; śakti haila—there was strength.

TRANSLATION

Being pleased with Sanātana Gosvāmī, Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu bestowed His causeless mercy upon him. By the Lord’s mercy, Sanātana Gosvāmī received the spiritual strength to inquire from Him.

Madhya20.95-96

TEXTS 95-96

pūrve yaiche rāya-pāśe prabhu praśna kailā

tāṅra śaktye rāmānanda tāṅra uttara dilā

ihāṅ prabhura śaktye praśna kare sanātana

āpane mahāprabhu kare ’tattva’-nirūpaṇa

SYNONYMS

pūrve—formerly; yaiche—as; rāya-pāśe—unto Rāmānanda Rāya; prabhu—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; praśna kailā—inquired; tāṅra śaktye—only by His mercy; rāmānanda—Rāmānanda Rāya; tāṅra—his; uttara—answers; dilā—gave; ihāṅ—here; prabhura—of Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; śaktye—by the strength; praśna—questions; kare—puts; sanātana—Sanātana Gosvāmī; āpane—personally; mahāprabhu—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; kare—does; tattva—the truth; nirūpaṇa—discerning.

TRANSLATION

Formerly, Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu asked Rāmānanda Rāya spiritual questions, and by the Lord’s causeless mercy, Rāmānanda Rāya could properly reply. Now, by the Lord’s mercy, Sanātana Gosvāmī questioned the Lord, and Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu personally supplied the truth.

Madhya20.97

TEXT 97

kṛṣṇa-svarūpa-mādhuryaiś-

varya-bhakti-rasāśrayam

tattvaṁ sanātanāyeśaḥ

kṛpayopadideśa saḥ

SYNONYMS

kṛṣṇa-svarūpa—of the real identity of Śrī Kṛṣṇa; mādhurya—of conjugal love; aiśvarya—of opulence; bhakti—of devotional service; rasa—of transcendental mellows; āśrayam—the shelter; tattvam—the truth; sanātanāya—unto Śrī Sanātana; īśaḥ—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu, the Supreme Lord; kṛpayā—by His causeless mercy; upadideśa—instructed; saḥ—He.

TRANSLATION

Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, personally told Sanātana Gosvāmī about Lord Kṛṣṇa’s real identity. He also told him about the Lord’s conjugal love, His personal opulence and the mellows of devotional service. All these truths were explained to Sanātana Gosvāmī by the Lord Himself out of His causeless mercy.

Madhya20.98

TEXT 98

tabe sanātana prabhura caraṇe dhariyā

dainya vinati kare dante tṛṇa lañā

SYNONYMS

tabe—thereafter; sanātana—Sanātana Gosvāmī; prabhura—of Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; caraṇe—the lotus feet; dhariyā—catching; dainya—humility; vinati—bowing; kare—does; dante—in the teeth; tṛṇa—a straw; lañā—taking.

TRANSLATION

Putting a straw in his mouth and bowing down, Sanātana Gosvāmī clasped the lotus feet of Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu and humbly spoke as follows.

Madhya20.99

TEXT 99

"nīca jāti, nīca-saṅgī, patita adhama

kuviṣaya-kūpe paḍi’ goṅāinu janama!

SYNONYMS

nīca jāti—born of a low family; nīca-saṅgī—associated with low men; patita—fallen; adhama—the lowest; ku-viṣaya-kūpe—in a well of material enjoyment; paḍi’-having fallen down; goṅāinu—I have passed; janama—my life.

TRANSLATION

Sanātana Gosvāmī said, "I was born in a low family, and my associates are all low-class men. I myself am fallen and am the lowest of men. Indeed, I have passed my whole life fallen in the well of sinful materialism.

PURPORT

Actually Śrī Sanātana Gosvāmī belonged to a brāhmaṇa family because he belonged to the Sārasvata division of the brāhmaṇas and was well cultured and well educated. Somehow or other he accepted a ministership in the Muslim government; therefore he had to associate with meat-eaters, drunkards and gross materialists. Sanātana Gosvāmī considered himself fallen, for in the association of such men, he also fell victim to material enjoyment. Having passed his life in that way, he considered that he had wasted his valuable time. This statement about how one can become fallen in this material world is made by the greatest authority in the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava-sampradāya. Actually the whole world is presently fallen into material existence. Everyone is a meat-eater, drunkard, woman hunter, gambler and whatnot. People are enjoying material life by committing the four basic sins. Although they are fallen, if they simply submit themselves at the lotus feet of Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu, they will be saved from sinful reactions.

Madhya20.100

TEXT 100

āpanāra hitāhita kichui nā jāni!

grāmya-vyavahāre paṇḍita, tāi satya māni

SYNONYMS

āpanāra—of my personal self; hita—welfare; ahita—inauspiciousness; kichui—anything; nā jāni—I do not know; grāmya-vyavahāre—in ordinary dealings; paṇḍita—a learned man; tāi satya māni—I accept that as truth.

TRANSLATION

"I do not know what is beneficial for me and what is detrimental. Nonetheless, in ordinary dealings people consider me a learned scholar, and I am also thinking of myself as such.

Madhya20.101

TEXT 101

kṛpā kari’ yadi more kariyācha uddhāra

āpana-kṛpāte kaha ’kartavya’ āmāra

SYNONYMS

kṛpā kari’—by Your causeless mercy; yadi—if; more—unto me; kariyācha—You have done; uddhāra—deliverance; āpana-kṛpāte—by Your own mercy; kaha—please speak; kartavya āmāra—my duty.

TRANSLATION

"Out of Your causeless mercy, You have delivered me from the materialistic path. Now, by the same causeless mercy, please tell me what my duty is.

Madhya20.102

TEXT 102

’ke āmi’, ’kene āmāya jāre tāpa-traya’

ihā nāhi jāni--’kemane hita haya’

SYNONYMS

ke āmi—who am I; kene—why; āmāya—unto me; jāre—give trouble; tāpa-traya—the three kinds of miserable conditions; ihā—this; nāhi jāni—I do not know; kemane—how; hita—my welfare; haya—there is.

TRANSLATION

"Who am I? Why do the threefold miseries always give me trouble? If I do not know this, how can I be benefited?

PURPORT

The threefold material miseries are miseries arising from the body and the mind, miseries arising from dealings with other living entities, and miseries arising from natural disturbances. Sometimes we suffer bodily when we are attacked by a fever, and sometimes we suffer mentally when a close relative dies. Other living entities also cause us misery. There are living entities born of the human embryo, of eggs, perspiration and vegetation. Miserable conditions brought about by natural catastrophes are controlled by the higher demigods. There may be severe cold or thunderbolts, or a person may be haunted by ghosts. These threefold miseries are always before us, and they entrap us in a dangerous situation. Padaṁ padaṁ yad vipadām. There is danger in every step of life.

Madhya20.103

TEXT 103

’sādhya’-’sādhana’-tattva puchite nā jāni

kṛpā kari’ saba tattva kaha ta’ āpani"

SYNONYMS

sādhya—of the goal of spiritual life; sādhana—of the process of obtaining that goal; tattva—truth; puchite—to inquire; nā jāni—I do not know; kṛpā kari’-by Your causeless mercy; saba tattva—all such truths; kaha ta’ āpani—please personally explain to me.

TRANSLATION

“Actually I do not know how to inquire about the goal of life and the process for obtaining it. Being merciful upon me, please explain all these truths.”

Madhya20.104

TEXT 104

prabhu kahe,--"kṛṣṇa-kṛpā tomāte pūrṇa haya

saba tattva jāna, tomāra nāhi tāpa-traya

SYNONYMS

prabhu—Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu; kahe—said; kṛṣṇa-kṛpā—the mercy of Kṛṣṇa; tomāte—on you; pūrṇa—full; haya—there is; saba tattva—all truths; jāna—you know; tomāra—of you; nāhi—there is not; tāpa-traya—the threefold miseries.

TRANSLATION

Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu said, "Lord Kṛṣṇa has bestowed His full mercy upon you so that all these things are known to you. For you, the threefold miseries certainly do not exist.

Madhya20.105

TEXT 105

kṛṣṇa-śakti dhara tumi, jāna tattva-bhāva

jāni’ dārḍhya lāgi’ puche,--sādhura svabhāva

SYNONYMS

kṛṣṇa-śakti—the energy of Lord Kṛṣṇa; dhara—process; tumi—you; jāna—know; tattva-bhāva—the factual position; jāni’-although knowing all these things; dārḍhya lāgi’-for the sake of strictness; puche—he inquires; sādhura—of the saintly persons; sva-bhāva—the nature.

TRANSLATION

"Since you possess Lord Kṛṣṇa’s potency, you certainly know these things. However, it is the nature of a sādhu to inquire. Although he knows these things, the sādhu inquires for the sake of strictness.

Madhya20.106

TEXT 106

acirād eva sarvārthaḥ

sidhyaty eṣām abhīpsitaḥ

sad-dharmasyāvabodhāya

yeṣāṁ nirbandhinī matiḥ

SYNONYMS

acirāt—very soon; eva—certainly; sarva-arthaḥ—the goal of life; sidhyati—becomes fulfilled; eṣām—of these persons; abhīpsitaḥ—desired; sat-dharmasya—of the path of progressive devotional service; avabodhāya—for understanding; yeṣām—those whose; nirbandhinī—unflinching; matiḥ—intelligence.

TRANSLATION

" ’Those who are anxious to awaken their spiritual consciousness, who have unflinching intelligence and who are not deviated, certainly attain the desired goal.’

PURPORT

This verse, quoted from the Nāradīya Purāṇa, is found in the Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu (1.2.103).

Madhya20.107

TEXT 107

yogya-pātra hao tumi bhakti pravartāite

krame saba tattva śuna, kahiye tomāte

SYNONYMS

yogya-pātra—fit person; hao—are; tumi—you; bhakti—devotional service; pravartāite—to propagate; krame—one after another; saba—all; tattva—truths; śuna—please hear; kahiye—I shall speak; tomāte—to you.

TRANSLATION

"You are fit to propagate the cult of devotional service. Therefore gradually hear all the truths about it from Me. I shall tell you about them.

Madhya20.108-109

TEXTS 108-109

jīvera ’svarūpa’ haya--kṛṣṇera ’nitya-dāsa’

kṛṣṇera ’taṭasthā-śakti’ ’bhedābheda-prakāśa

sūryāṁśa-kiraṇa, yaiche agni-jvālā-caya

svābhāvika kṛṣṇera tina-prakāra ’śakti’ haya

SYNONYMS

jīvera—of the living entity; sva-rūpa—the constitutional position; haya—is; kṛṣṇera—of Lord Kṛṣṇa; nitya-dāsa—eternal servant; kṛṣṇera—of Lord Kṛṣṇa; taṭasthā—marginal; śakti—potency; bheda-abheda—one and different; prakāśa—manifestation; sūrya-aṁśa—part and parcel of the sun; kiraṇa—a ray of sunshine; yaiche—as; agni-jvālā-ca ya—molecular particle of fire; svābhāvika—naturally; kṛṣṇera—of Lord Kṛṣṇa; tina-prakāra—three varieties; śakti—energies; haya—there are.

TRANSLATION

"It is the living entity’s constitutional position to be an eternal servant of Kṛṣṇa because he is the marginal energy of Kṛṣṇa and a manifestation simultaneously one and different from the Lord, like a molecular particle of sunshine or fire. Kṛṣṇa has three varieties of energy.

PURPORT

Śrīla Bhaktivinoda Ṭhākura paraphrases these verses as follows: Śrī Sanātana Gosvāmī asked Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu, “Who am I?” In answer, the Lord replied, “You are a pure living entity. You are neither the material body nor the subtle body composed of mind and intelligence. Actually you are a spirit soul, eternal part and parcel of the Supreme Soul, Kṛṣṇa. Therefore you are His eternal servant. You belong to Kṛṣṇa’s marginal potency. There are two worlds-the spiritual world and the material world-and you are situated between the material and spiritual potencies. You have a relationship with both the material and spiritual worlds; therefore you are called the marginal potency. You are related with Kṛṣṇa as one and simultaneously different. Because you are spirit soul, you are one in quality with the Supreme Personality of Godhead, but because you are a very minute particle of spirit soul, you are different from the Supreme Soul. Therefore your position is simultaneously one with and different from the Supreme Soul. The examples given are those of the sun itself and the small particles of sunshine and of a blazing fire and the small particles of fire.” Another explanation of these verses can be found in Ādi-līlā (Chapter Two, verse 96).

Madhya20.110

TEXT 110

eka-deśa-sthitasyāgner

jyotsnā vistāriṇī yathā

parasya brahmaṇaḥ śaktis

tathedam akhilaṁ jagat

SYNONYMS

eka-deśa—in one place; sthitasya—being situated; agneḥ—of fire; jyotsnā—the illumination; vistāriṇī—expanded everywhere; yathā—just as; parasya—of the illumination; vistāriṇī—expanded everywhere; yathā—just as; parasya—of the Supreme; brahmaṇaḥ—of the Absolute Truth; śaktiḥ—the energy; tathā—similarly; idam—this; akhilam—entire; jagat—universe.

TRANSLATION

" ’Just as the illumination of a fire, which is situated in one place, is spread all over, the energies of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Parabrahman, are spread all over this universe.’

PURPORT

This is a quotation from the Viṣṇu Purāṇa (1.22.53).

Madhya20.111

TEXT 111

kṛṣṇera svābhāvika tina-śakti-pariṇati

cic-chakti, jīva-śakti, āra māyā-śakti

SYNONYMS

kṛṣṇera—of Lord Kṛṣṇa; svābhāvika—natural; tina—three; śakti—of energies; pariṇati—transformations; cit-śakti—spiritual potency; jīva-śakti—spiritual sparks, living entities; āra—and; māyā-śakti—illusory energy.

TRANSLATION

"Lord Kṛṣṇa naturally has three energetic transformations, and these are known as the spiritual potency, the living entity potency and the illusory potency.

Madhya20.112

TEXT 112

viṣṇu-śaktiḥ parā proktā

kṣetrajñākhyā tathā parā

avidyā-karma-saṁjñān yā

tṛtīyā śaktir iṣyate

SYNONYMS

viṣṇu-śaktiḥ—the potency of Lord Viṣṇu; parā—spiritual; proktā—it is said; kṣetra-jña-ākhyā—the potency known as kṣetrajña; tathā—as well as; parā—spiritual; avidyā—ignorance; karma—fruitive activities; saṁjñā—known as; anyā—other; tṛtīyā—third; śaktiḥ—potency; iṣyate—known thus.

TRANSLATION

" ’Originally, Kṛṣṇa’s energy is spiritual, and the energy known as the living entity is also spiritual. However, there is another energy, called illusion, which consists of fruitive activity. That is the Lord’s third potency.’

PURPORT

This is a quotation from the Viṣṇu Purāṇa (6.7.61). For a further explanation of this verse, refer to the Ādi-līlā, Chapter Seven, verse 119.

Madhya20.113

TEXT 113

śaktayaḥ sarva-bhāvānām

acintya-jñāna-gocarāḥ

yato ’to brahmaṇas tās tu

sargādyā bhāva-śaktayaḥ

bhavanti tapatāṁ śreṣṭha

pāvakasya yathoṣṇatā

SYNONYMS

śaktayaḥ—energies; sarva-bhāvānām—of all types of creation; acintya—inconceivable; jñāna-gocarāḥ—by the range of man’s knowledge; yataḥ—from whom; ataḥ—therefore; brahmaṇaḥ—from the Absolute Truth; tāḥ—those; tu—but; sarga-ādyāḥ—bringing about creation, maintenance and annihilation; bhāva-śaktayaḥ—the creative energies; bhavanti—are; tapatām—of all the ascetics; śreṣṭha—O chief; pāvakasya—of fire; yathā—as; uṣṇatā—heat.

TRANSLATION

" ’All the creative energies, which are inconceivable to a common man, exist in the Supreme Absolute Truth. These inconceivable energies act in the process of creation, maintenance and annihilation. O chief of the ascetics, just as there are two energies possessed by fire-namely heat and light-these inconceivable creative energies are the natural characteristics of the Absolute Truth.’

PURPORT

This is a quotation from the Viṣṇu Purāṇa (1.3.2).

Madhya20.114

TEXT 114

yayā kṣetra-jña-śaktiḥ sā

veṣṭitā nṛpa sarva-gā

saṁsāra-tāpān akhilān

avāpnoty atra santatān

SYNONYMS

yayā—by which; kṣetra-jña-śaktiḥ—the living entities, known as the kṣetra-jña potency; sā—that potency; veṣṭita—covered; nṛpa—O King; sarva-gā—capable of going anywhere in the spiritual or material worlds; saṁsāra-tāpān—miseries due to the cycle of repeated birth and death; akhilān—all kinds of; avāpnoti—obtains; atra—in this material world; santatān—arising from suffering or enjoying various kinds of reactions to fruitive activities.

TRANSLATION

" ’O King, the kṣetra-jña-śakti is the living entity. Although he has the facility to live in either the material or spiritual world, he suffers the threefold miseries of material existence because he is influenced by the avidyā [nescience] potency, which covers his constitutional position.

PURPORT

This and the following verse are also quoted from the Viṣṇu Purāṇa (6.7.62-63).

Madhya20.115

TEXT 115

tayā tirohitatvāc ca

śaktiḥ kṣetra-jña-saṁjñitā

sarva-bhūteṣu bhū-pāla

tāratamyena vartate

SYNONYMS

tayā—by her; tiraḥ-hitatvāt—from being freed from the influence; ca—also; śaktiḥ—the potency; kṣetra-jña—kṣetra-jña; saṁjñitā—known by the name; sarva-bhūteṣu—in different types of bodies; bhū-pāla—O King; tāratamyena—in different degrees; vartate—exists.

TRANSLATION

" ’This living entity, covered by the influence of nescience, exists in different forms in the material condition. O King, he is thus proportionately freed from the influence of material energy, to greater or lesser degrees.’

Madhya20.116

TEXT 116

apareyam itas tv anyam

prakṛtiṁ viddhi me parām

jīva-bhūtāṁ mahā-bāho

yayedaṁ dhāryate jagat

SYNONYMS

aparā—inferior energy; iyam—this material world; itaḥ—beyond this; tu—but; anyām—another; prakṛtim—energy; viddhi—you must know; me—of Me; parām—which is superior energy; jīva-bhūtām—they are the living entities; mahā-bāho—O mighty-armed; yayā—by which; idam—this material world; dhāryate—is being conducted; jagat—the cosmic manifestation.

TRANSLATION

" ’Besides this inferior nature, O mighty-armed Arjuna, there is a superior energy of Mine, which consists of all living entities who are struggling with material nature and are sustaining the universe.’

PURPORT

Madhya20.117

TEXT 117

kṛṣṇa bhuli’ sei jīva anādi-bahirmukha

ataeva māyā tāre deya saṁsāra-duḥkha

SYNONYMS

kṛṣṇa bhuli’-forgetting Kṛṣṇa; sei jīva—that living entity; anādi—from time immemorial; bahiḥ-mukha—attracted by the external feature; ataeva—therefore; māyā—illusory energy; tāre—to him; deya—gives; saṁsāra-duḥkha—miseries of material existence.

TRANSLATION

"Forgetting Kṛṣṇa, the living entity has been attracted by the external feature from time immemorial. Therefore the illusory energy [māyā] gives him all kinds of misery in his material existence.

PURPORT

When the living entity forgets his constitutional position as an eternal servant of Kṛṣṇa, he is immediately entrapped by the illusory, external energy. The living entity is originally part and parcel of Kṛṣṇa and is therefore the superior energy of Kṛṣṇa. He is endowed with inconceivable minute energy that works inconceivably within the body. However, the living entity, forgetting his position, is situated in material energy. The living entity is called the marginal energy because by nature he is spiritual but by forgetfulness he is situated in the material energy. Thus he has the power to live either in the material energy or in the spiritual energy, and for this reason he is called marginal energy. He is sometimes attracted by the external illusory energy when he stays in the marginal position, and this is the beginning of his material life. When he enters the material energy, he is subjected to the threefold time measurement-past, present and future. Past, present and future belong only to the material world; they do not exist in the spiritual world. The living entity is eternal, and he existed before the creation of this material world. Unfortunately he has forgotten his relationship with Kṛṣṇa. The living entity’s forgetfulness is described herein as anādi, which indicates that it has existed since time immemorial. One should understand that due to his desire to enjoy himself in competition with Kṛṣṇa, the living entity comes into material existence.

Madhya20.118

TEXT 118

kabhu svarge uṭhāya, kabhu narake ḍubāya

daṇḍya-jane rājā yena nadīte cubāya

SYNONYMS

kabhu—sometimes; svarge—to higher planetary systems; uṭhāya—he rises; kabhu—sometimes; narake—in hellish conditions of life; ḍubāya—he is drowned; daṇḍya-jane—a criminal; rājā—a king; yena—as; nadīte—in the river; cubāya—dunks.

TRANSLATION

"In the material condition, the living entity is sometimes raised to higher planetary systems and material prosperity and sometimes drowned in a hellish situation. His state is exactly like that of a criminal whom a king punishes by submerging him in water and then raising him again from the water.

PURPORT

In the Vedas it is stated, asaṅgo ’yaṁ puruṣaḥ: the living entity is always free from the contamination of the material world. One who is not materially infected and who does not forget Kṛṣṇa as his master is called nitya-mukta. In other words, one who is eternally liberated from material contamination is called nitya-mukta. From time immemorial the nitya-mukta living entity has always been a devotee of Kṛṣṇa, and his only attempt has been to serve Kṛṣṇa. Thus he never forgets his eternal servitorship to Kṛṣṇa. Any living entity who forgets his eternal relationship with Kṛṣṇa is under the sway of the material condition. Bereft of the Lord’s transcendental loving service, he is subjected to the reactions of fruitive activity. When he is elevated to the higher planetary systems due to worldly pious activities, he considers himself well situated, but when he is subjected to punishment, he thinks himself improperly situated. Thus material nature awards and punishes the living entity. When the living entity is materially opulent, material nature is rewarding him. When he is materially embarrassed, material nature is punishing him.

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